![]() ![]() Shortly after Bohr published his planetary model of the atom, several new discoveries were made, which resulted in, yet again, a revised view of the atom. (4) For elliptical orbit, angular momentum vector sum of 2 components. special conditions only when major axis and minor axis of orbit are equal. This theory held that the negatively charged. The popular theory of atomic structure at the time of Rutherford’s experiment was the plum pudding model. However, his model worked well as an explanation for the emissions of the hydrogen atom, but was seriously limited when applied to other atoms. (1) In 1915, Sommerfield introduced a new atomic model to explain the fine spectrum of hydrogen atom. The gold foil experiment was conducted under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester in 1909 by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. Moving up the ladder increases your potential energy, while moving down the ladder decreases your energy.īohr's work had a strong influence on our modern understanding of the inner workings of the atom. As you move up or down a ladder, you can only occupy specific rungs and cannot be in the spaces in between rungs. An everyday analogy to the Bohr model is the rungs of a ladder. The electron is not allowed to occupy any of the spaces in between the orbits. ![]() The orbits that are further from the nucleus are all of successively greater energy. The ground state of the hydrogen atom, where its energy is lowest, is when the electron is in the orbit that is closest to the nucleus. For example, an electrically neutral helium atom has an atomic number Z 2. Hydrogen-like ions are atoms of elements with an atomic number Z larger than one ( Z 1 for hydrogen) but with all electrons removed except one. When the electron is in one of these orbits, its energy is fixed. Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom also correctly predicts the spectra of some hydrogen-like ions. It accounts for a wide range of physical phenomena, including the existence of discrete packets of energy and matter, the uncertainty principle, and the exclusion principle.Īccording to the Bohr model, often referred to as a planetary model, the electrons encircle the nucleus of the atom in specific allowable paths called orbits. This is a theory based on the principle that matter and energy have the properties of both particles and waves. This was the basis for what later became known as quantum theory. When the energy is removed, the electrons return back to their ground state, emitting a corresponding amount of energy-a quantum of light, or photon. (Credit: Zachary Wilson Source: CK-12 Foundation License: CC BY-NC 3.0(opens in new window))īohr explained that electrons can be moved into different orbits with the addition of energy. Sommerfeld argued that if electronic orbits. BohrSommerfeld theory is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr and German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld. \): Bohr's atomic model hydrogen emission spectra. The BohrSommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or BohrSommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons around an atomic nucleus. ![]()
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